Billing for Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM)

Increased Acceptance of RPM

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a form of telehealth that continues to gain traction among healthcare provider organizations. Today, a significant portion of consumers are more likely to choose a provider that allows them to share data from a connected health device, which has been shown to promote positive patient outcomes. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has made several updates to the 2023 Physician Fee Schedule, further expanding opportunities for reimbursement for remote patient monitoring (RPM) services. With financial reimbursement available to support remote care, providers can utilize the following CPT codes for effective deployment and scaling of RPM programs. These codes provide a financial framework for physicians and qualified medical professionals to be reimbursed for the time spent and the equipment used for patient care delivered remotely.

Procedure Codes for Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM)

CPT Code 99453: Initial RPM Setup and Patient Education

CPT code 99453 is a one-time practice expense code reimbursing for the initial setup and patient education on RPM equipment. This code covers the initial setup of devices, training and education on the use of monitoring equipment, and any services needed to enroll the patient on-site. To bill for CPT Code 99453, the initial setup must be ordered by a physician or qualified healthcare professional (QHP).

The device used in the training and set-up must be a medical device as defined by the FDA, excluding Durable Medical Equipment (DME). CPT Code 99453 allows for home-use medical devices to monitor beneficiary physiologic data that is automatically uploaded to a clinician remotely. Providers can bill for this code once every 30 days and once per episode of care. The code requires at least 16 days of readings to be recorded during the 30-day billing period. The standard facility and non-facility rate for 99453 are $23.40.

CPT Code 99454: Monthly RPM Device Supply and Provisioning

CPT Code 99454 covers the supply and provisioning of devices used for RPM programs, and the code is billable only once in a 30-day billing period. Specifically, this code covers the costs associated with the leasing of a home-use medical device or devices to and for the patient. Regardless of the cost of devices, physicians can be reimbursed for $39.64 for technologies provided under this code.

Notably, CPT Code 99454 requires at least 16 days of device readings submitted by the patient within the 30-day period. Meaning, to receive reimbursement, the physician must have at least 16 days worth of readings from the patient. The device used in the program must be a home-use medical device as defined by the FDA and does not include reimbursement for Durable Medical Equipment (DME). Home-use medical devices can be used daily to monitor the patient’s physiologic data and automatically upload to a clinician remotely.

CPT Code 99457: Monthly RPM Treatment Management Services

CPT code 99457 is a direct monthly expense for the remote monitoring of physiologic data as part of the patient’s treatment management services. To receive reimbursement, the physician, QHP or other clinical staff must provide RPM treatment management services for at least 20 minutes per month. CPT Code 99457 is billable once in a calendar month, regardless of the number of parameters being monitored and will be reimbursed for $62.94 (non-facility) and $44.22 (facility).

CPT Code 99457 requires interactive communication with the patient and/or caregiver during the month (e.g., text, email, phone, or other electronic non-face-to-face communication/interaction). Services provided under this code may include the interpretation and review of received data and interaction with patients to coordinate and manage treatment plans by a clinician. Further, 99457 is not limited to treatment management services for a specific number of chronic conditions. If the patient is enrolled in multiple programs by multiple physicians for varying conditions, each provider can bill separately for each program; however, they cannot share equipment reimbursement for the same or similar device.

CPT Code 99458: Additional 20 Minutes of RPM Treatment Management Services

CPT Code 99458 is an add-on code for CPT Code 99457 and cannot be billed as a standalone code. This code can be utilized for each additional 20 minutes of remote monitoring and treatment management services provided. Providers can be reimbursed for $42.22 (non-facility) and $32.84 (facility) for services rendered. As with 99457, services are billable once per calendar month. Additionally, to be billable, the initial provider encounter must occur in the physician’s office or another applicable site of the practitioner’s normal office location.

CPT Code 99091: Collection and Interpretation of Physiologic Data

CPT Code 99091 is the collection and interpretation of physiologic data (e.g., ECG, blood pressure, glucose monitoring) digitally stored and/or transmitted by the patient and/or caregiver to the physician or other qualified health care professional. In this instance, a QHP is qualified by education, training, licensure/regulation (when applicable).

The code requires a minimum of 30 minutes of interpretation and review and is billable once in a 30-day billing period. Providers can be reimbursed for $59.19 (non-facility and facility) for these services. To bill for CPT Code 99091, the initial provider service must occur in the physician’s office or other applicable sites. Additionally, only a physician or QHP may perform these services, distinguishing it significantly from 99457 in which a clinical staff member can provide services “incident to.”

To conclude,

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is a valuable tool that can help to improve patient outcomes while also reducing costs. The CPT codes discussed in this article can be used to bill for a variety of RPM services, including initial setup and patient education, device supply and provisioning, monthly treatment management services, and additional treatment management services. Providers who are able to effectively utilize these codes can be reimbursed for the time and equipment they use to provide RPM services.

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The American Medical Association (AMA) owns the copyright for the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding system. The AMA developed and maintains the CPT code set, regularly updating it to reflect changes in medical practices, technology, and healthcare regulations.